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Why the 1893 World's Fair Haunts American Memory

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The Trump Administration's 2020 "Salute to America" event on the National Mall featured a styrofoam-and-vinyl fairground evoking the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. This instinct to recreate the fair's "White City" reveals its enduring grip on the American imagination. The Exposition, a six-month festival of American wealth and technological prowess, drew nearly a third of the U.S. population.

Its Court of Honor—monumental plaster facades illuminated by Westinghouse electric lights—induced near-mystical awe in visitors like journalist Charles Mulford Robinson, who described an ego-dissolving transcendence. Author Frances Hodgson Burnett fictionalized it as a "City Beautiful" in a children's parable. Yet the fair's legacy is contradictory: it inspired the City Beautiful movement and urban planning, but also hosted ethnographic displays reinforcing racial hierarchies.

Its memory persists on Pabst Blue Ribbon cans and in conspiracy theories about a suppressed glorious past. The article argues we return to 1893 not for historical facts, but because each era reimagines the fair to suit its own anxieties and aspirations, reshaping the present through a refracted past.