Australia supplies China with zirconium for missiles and nuclear fuel, despite U.S. alliance. Two Western Australian mines, with Chinese investment, produce the mineral. China imports about 41% of its zirconium from Australia.

One mine received a $160 million Australian government loan. Exports continue even as Australia partners with the U.S. on critical minerals. China's zirconium oxide is used in hypersonic missiles and re-exported to Russia for military use.

Australia's Defence Minister acknowledges the tension between trade with China and security ties with the U.S.