المال. قرية الأ farmers يمرون بال(barter) التبادل. ي wants المزارع dairy wants يشري corn، حتى لو لم ي milk لتجارة، و corn farmer wants يشري meat، حتى لو butcher لا wants corn. فهم يحددوا أن special gray stones التي ي可以从 riverbed جمعها س تمثل وحدة قيمة افتراضية، يسمى money. يبرهنون أن everyone uses stones لتمثيل قيمة، ثم people can transact when they would like، بدلًا من أن يكون when both parties willing and able to barter.

اختار villagers special gray stones كـ money لأن stones portable، durable، وأهم من ذلك hard to collect. الطريقة الوحيدة لل Obtain them هي مشي hour خارج قرية و spend all day sift through riverbed. أحيانًا villager يفعل هذا و finds only one or two special stones. وبالتالي مثل أي آخر job—winemaking، farming، cobbling—job of collecting stones كان self-regulated by value of النشاط.

While general store owner happy for rancher to buy on credit، shoemaker not. He too trusts rancher، لكنه wants money now لـ expand his business. Since shoemaker not be paid in stones لـ year—it takes long time to raise cow—he cannot use that money لـ buy new tools أو hire assistant meanwhile. Having stones today better than having stones in year. So shoemaker makes deal مع rancher: rancher can have boots today لكن pay for them في year؛ bill pay one hundred stones for new boots، rancher must pay one hundred and five stones.

The entrepreneur borrows stones من widow، و he promises return them في year with interest of three stones. ثم he lends these stones rancher، على condition rancher pays him five stones interest في year. Business plan هو make spread، two stones، في year’s time. This works لأن entrepreneur knows both widow و rancher.