The FCC has approved Reflect Orbital's demonstration satellite, Earendil-1, which aims to reflect sunlight back to Earth at night. This approval, granted under the Communications Act's mandate to encourage new technologies, allows the satellite to operate in specific radio spectrums. Reflect Orbital envisions a network of these satellites for various applications, including powering solar panels and aiding search-and-rescue operations.

However, the project faces significant criticism from astronomers, particularly the American Astronomical Society (AAS). The AAS argues that Earendil-1's primary function – to be as bright as possible by reflecting sunlight – fundamentally differs from telecommunications satellites and poses a severe challenge to astronomical research. Concerns also extend to potential eye damage for amateur astronomers and temporary blindness for pilots and drivers, risks acknowledged by Reflect Orbital itself for specific viewing conditions.

The FCC declined to weigh these broader health and environmental concerns, stating they fall outside its jurisdiction over radiofrequency spectrum use. While Reflect Orbital plans precautions like scheduled operation times and avoiding sensitive areas, the AAS and others question who will regulate the sky's light pollution if the FCC only licenses spectrum use. This approval sets a precedent for technologies whose primary impact is external to radio communications.