Neijuan ([nêɪ.tɕɥɛ̀n]) wa English word 'involution' kara kitaerareta Chuugoku no koto, letter ni wa 'naikou' no imi. Seikou, futsukayori, or sanka ga haitou de, shousan, kouritsu, or shuukan na rieki ga fuzen suru made ni nai joutai o motarasu. Kyoushitsu to roudou shijou no fukei no bunpai o motteirasu tame ni tsukaiyou suru.

Neijuan wa kaiseisan to shouhisha no kakaku sensou ni okeru genka doori no riyou de, defureeshon no atsuryoku o fuuka suru. Kojinteki ni wa, chouhou sareta hatarakikata, sutoresu, to muppitsu na kyousou kanchi kanji no seikatsu o utsuwa su. Kono konseptu wa 1937 ni American anthropologist Alexander Goldenweiser kara shuppatsu shite, Clifford Geertz ga 1963 nen no Indonesian raice farming no analysis ni popular shita.

China no gakusya, Philip Huang ga keishou riron o motte Kore o youyou shita node, gakushuu no tounou ga hiraita.