OpenAI has identified a cluster of ChatGPT accounts, likely originating from China, that used OpenAI's models to generate content critical of US tech policies and tariffs. The operation utilized simplified Chinese prompts and VPNs, with language consistent with China's public security system. Operators described their social media accounts as a “water army,” aiming to flood platforms with pro-PRC narratives.

This network focused on US-China technological competition, particularly concerning tariffs, rare earths, AI, and 5G, framing US actions as attempts at technological dominance. They requested cartoons depicting President Trump and generated numerous short comments and articles favoring the PRC, attacking the US and Israel, amplifying anti-Jewish tropes, and harassing Chinese dissidents. The operation also sought to develop an AI system for surveilling online public opinion.

The campaign had a global reach, producing content in English, Italian, Japanese, and Traditional Chinese, targeting audiences in Taiwan. A related network on X (formerly Twitter) spread false claims about compromised ChatGPT user data, amplifying content from the "Tech and Tariffs" campaign. While most posts generated little engagement, the operation's targeting of OpenAI highlights concerns about influence activities aimed at strategically important industries. The campaign coincided with an escalation in US-China economic competition, including a 100 percent tariff on Chinese goods.