A secret dossier shared with The New York Times by a Middle Eastern intelligence agency provides evidence of chemical weapons development by Sudan’s military in 2024, bolstering U.S. allegations that have long lacked public proof. The documents include bomb blueprints, videos of dead scorpions, chlorine canisters, and intercepted communications linking General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to the program. Some chlorine was reportedly sourced from a civilian water treatment center used by aid groups, with photos showing bomb-making efforts against the Rapid Support Forces. U.S. officials reviewed the materials in January 2025 for intelligence assessment, though Sudan’s military denied the claims as baseless and threatened legal action against The Times.

Experts say verification requires on-the-ground investigation, and the OPCW is seeking clarifications from Sudan. The U.S. imposed a second round of sanctions in June 2025 targeting chemical weapons use, citing al-Burhan’s direct involvement, as part of a broader push for a cease-fire amid a conflict that has displaced over 12 million people since 2023. While both sides face war crime accusations, the worst atrocities have been attributed to the R.

S. F. paramilitary group.