We aren’t the only animals that like to take care of other species. A new study finds that the roots of keeping a pet may stretch deep into our primate past.

The research, published in a leading journal, documents 17 species of primates that have demonstrated caregiving behaviors toward domesticated animals and even other wildlife. Observations included chimpanzees grooming injured dogs, capuchins sharing food with farm birds, and orangutans sheltering small mammals in dense forests.

Experts suggest that these interactions may reflect an evolutionary advantage: animals that help others often gain social bonds and reciprocal aid. While humans are the most prolific pet owners, the study shows that primate societies have long embraced the concept of companionship beyond their own species.

The findings also raise questions about the emotional depth of primates. By providing care, they may be exhibiting empathy and complex social learning—traits that have shaped human culture and our modern relationship with pets.

Overall, the study indicates that the instinct to nurture extends far beyond our species, hinting at a shared evolutionary thread that connects us all to the world of animal caregiving.