India has unveiled a climate plan with modest renewable energy and emissions targets, reflecting its balancing act between growth and environmental commitments. The Modi government pledged a 47% reduction in emissions relative to GDP by 2035, but absolute emissions will rise as the economy expands. Renewables are set to reach 60% of installed electricity capacity by 2035, below the Central Electricity Authority’s projection of 70% non-fossil fuel sources by 2036. Coal remains dominant, powering over 70% of India’s energy despite rapid renewable growth.

Experts note the plan’s limited ambition, with some arguing it underestimates India’s potential for faster clean energy adoption. The UN warns global emissions are off track, and India’s revised targets may not meet the Paris Agreement’s 2C goal. Brics nations now face pressure to lead climate action as developed economies retreat.