India, the world’s third‑largest oil importer, relies on the Middle East for half its crude and two‑thirds of its gas, a vulnerability highlighted by the war in Iran. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has sealed agreements on visits to Australia and Indonesia to boost nuclear power, hit ambitious climate targets and strengthen green‑energy manufacturing.

In Melbourne, Modi and Anthony Albanese reached a uranium import deal that taps Australia’s 28 % share of global reserves, supporting India’s goal of 100 gigawatts of nuclear capacity by 2047. The 2014 nuclear pact stalled over weapons‑use concerns; the new accord includes UN safeguards for peaceful use. Canada’s Cameco also signed a C$2.6bn (US$1.8bn) contract to supply uranium from 2027‑2035. India continues imports from Uzbekistan and Russia.

During a Jakarta trip, India announced rare‑earth and nickel cooperation, planning steel investments that leverage Indonesia’s vast nickel reserves. New Delhi joined the Minerals Security Partnership and is pursuing lithium in the lithium triangle of Argentina, Bolivia and Chile, while eyeing African coltan. Analysts warn China dominates processing, giving India only a few years to establish a foothold. Vibhuti Garg of the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis said India’s manufacturing push makes mineral security strategic.