MIT Technology Review’s annual list of 35 innovators under 35 features nine climate and energy awardees shaping the future of sustainability. AI emerges as a dominant force, enhancing efficiency and modeling. Jae-Won Chung develops software to measure AI’s energy demands, while Jing Wei uses machine learning to track pollution.

Zhonghua Zheng improves AI climate models for urban areas. Critical material shortages, specifically lithium and copper, are addressed by Mohammad Alkhadra of Lithios and Benjamin Mowbray of Rock Zero, who innovate extraction methods from brines and hardrock ore. Heavy industry and materials present further challenges; Laureen Meroueh creates cleaner steel production, and Joseph Nguthiru and Diana Orembe develop bioplastic alternatives and aquaculture feed from waste.

Jinyoung Seo develops solid refrigerants to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas leakage. These innovators highlight a pivotal moment in climate tech, where AI integration and material efficiency are paramount to achieving net-zero emissions and overcoming supply chain vulnerabilities.