MIT Technology Review’s 35 Innovators Under 35 list highlights young minds, including nine transforming biotech. Their work spans a "reprogramming" therapy reversing vision loss, tiny brain electrodes inspired by Japanese art, and a personalized gene-editing treatment for a baby with a rare genetic disorder. Some are even designing new viruses with generative AI to produce drugs or soak up pollution.

Steelmaking hasn’t changed much since the 1850s, but Laureen Meroueh, founder of Hertha Metals, may have found a way to clean it up without raising costs. Her new furnace turns iron ore into refined liquid steel in one step and swaps coal for natural gas. That cuts emissions by at least half and costs by 25%, she says.

In other news, Anthropic says it blocked potential plots to build biological weapons, identifying five cases. California banned addictive social media features for under-16s, prohibiting infinite scroll and autoplay. Two AI researchers left Anthropic and Google over safety risks, while Sam Altman pitched OpenAI’s cyber defenses to power companies. Music labels are starting to embrace AI, with Universal partnering with Eleven Labs. Chinese drugmakers are challenging US dominance in weight-loss drugs.