Kimming and Bicknell's research highlights how fecal pellets revolutionized marine ecosystems. By providing organic carbon, iron, nitrogen, and phosphorus to deeper waters, coprolites—fossilized feces—boosted marine life during the Cambrian period. A trilobite coprolite from Australia, dated 520–506 million years ago, illustrates this shift.

Early animals lacked digestive tracts, relying on passive feeding. The evolution of simple organs around 580 million years ago enabled macroscopic food consumption and waste production. This waste became a nutrient source, supporting complex bodies and deeper ocean colonization. 35 global coprolite sites from 540–494 million years ago show diverse fecal forms, hinting at varied animal diets and species.

These findings suggest poop was pivotal in driving Cambrian biodiversity.