The Trump administration cannot withhold emergency preparedness grants from states that do not change how they conduct elections, a federal judge ruled Monday. The Federal Emergency Management Agency warned state and local governments in June it would withhold up to 20 percent of some terrorism-preparedness grants unless officials demonstrated that they were exploring a transition to paper ballots or verifying voters’ citizenship. The grants, totaling $1 billion each year, help harden urban areas against terrorist attacks.

The changes to elections that FEMA sought were in line with President Trump’s false and largely debunked claims of widespread voter fraud. A group of local governments in Tennessee, Texas and Ohio sued FEMA and the Department of Homeland Security, its parent agency, over the move last month, arguing the federal government did not have the power to force changes to how they conduct elections.

Judge Amir H. Ali of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, an appointee of President Joseph R. Biden Jr. , agreed that the conditions exceeded the administration’s power over elections and ordered them stricken from the grant programs’ application process. FEMA and Homeland Security officials did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the ruling.