Mojtaba Khamenei faced fierce opposition from moderates and rival factions during Iran’s volatile leadership transition. The Revolutionary Guards, led by Gen. Ahmad Vahidi, secured his ascension despite debates over his suitability. The Assembly of Experts, tasked with selecting the new leader, convened secretly after Israel’s bombing of their Qum headquarters, killing staff.

Analysts note the war with the U.S. and Israel intensified internal rivalries, with hardliners prioritizing continuity and moderates pushing for reform. Ali Larijani, Iran’s de facto ruler, initially opposed Khamenei’s selection, fearing polarization, but the Guards’ influence prevailed. The process underscored the fragility of Iran’s theocracy amid external threats and succession uncertainties.