Renationalisation has seen many franchises transfer to DfT Operator and the new Great British Railways livery. While many lines once struggled, the C2C franchise improved dramatically under privatisation, introducing punctuality, smart cards and generous season tickets.

In 2017, C2C was sold to Trenitalia and then passed to DfT Operator in July 2025. Since then, speed restrictions, the removal of online‑only discounts and the creation of an “evening peak” have drawn criticism from passengers and politicians alike.

Fares remain a sticking point. A peak‑timeitt return from Southend to Fenchurch Street costs £24.80, whereas a similar journey to Liverpool Street via Greater Anglia is £40.20. Simplifying the fare structure has stalled, leaving passengers frustrated and policy makers at a loss.

The future of rail depends on whether national control can deliver the promised reforms or simply keep the status quo, with the Treasury’s influence limiting long‑term investment.