Chinese automaker Changan is launching the first mass-produced electric vehicle, the Nevo AO6, featuring a new generation of sodium-ion batteries from energy storage giant CATL. Unlike lithium-ion batteries that rely on scarce minerals, these "salt" batteries utilize abundant and cheaper sodium, potentially disrupting the dominance of lithium in the EV and grid storage sectors. This development marks a significant step towards a future with diverse battery chemistries catering to specific device needs.

While sodium-ion batteries have historically been heavier and limited to grid storage or smaller EVs, recent advancements have boosted their performance. CATL claims its latest sodium-ion battery achieves an energy density of 175 watt-hours per kilogram, competitive with some lithium-iron-phosphate batteries. Research also indicates a Hina sodium-ion battery rivals Tesla's lithium-ion cells on most parameters, albeit still being a third heavier. The rapid ramp-up in production is driving down costs and improving materials.

Beyond cost, sodium-ion batteries offer enhanced safety and cold-weather performance. They generate less heat, reducing fire risk and the need for extensive cooling systems. CATL demonstrated its battery retaining 90 per cent capacity at -40°C, and it did not catch fire when sawn in half. This makes them suitable for budget EVs, vehicles operating in extreme climates, and grid-scale energy storage solutions, potentially lowering the cost of EV ownership and energy provision.