The century-old Rand Refinery, long the go-to destination for Africa’s commercially mined gold, is trying to integrate often-problematic artisanal gold into its supply.

Artisanal mining produces tons of illicit gold across Africa, often linked to conflict and environmental damage. Rand Refinery wants to make this gold legitimate.

The refinery’s move could transform the market, but challenges remain in tracing and regulating informal supply chains.