Roughly half of U.S. voters view socialism unfavorably, according to a new poll by The New York Times and Siena University. Among likely voters, 51 percent held an unfavorable view, compared with 31 percent who viewed it favorably. The poll did not define socialism or democratic socialism.

Despite democratic socialists winning primaries in New York, Philadelphia, and Denver, voters nationwide were twice as likely to oppose a democratic socialist candidate (30 percent) than support one (13 percent). Nearly one-fifth (18 percent) identified as democratic socialists.

Mayor Zohran Mamdani of New York City was viewed more favorably (38 percent) than unfavorably (33 percent), while Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York had a 41 percent unfavorable and 30 percent favorable rating. Among democratic socialists, Mamdani was viewed more positively (76 percent) than Ocasio-Cortez (66 percent).

Younger voters were more open to socialism. Democrats' favorable view rose to 55 percent from 50 percent in May. Republicans have highlighted socialism in midterm ads, though only about 5 percent of their voters cited it as their primary motivation.