China has released its draft 5-year plan (2026-2030) outlining strategies to achieve technological self-reliance amid escalating US-China tech rivalry. The document, set for approval at the March 2026 National People's Congress, emphasizes building competitive advantages in rare earths and enhancing supply chain security in response to international instability and geopolitical conflicts.

Beijing plans to take "extraordinary measures" to achieve breakthroughs in semiconductors, industrial machinery, and advanced materials. The government will increase domestic innovation investment by 7% or more annually, continuing targets from the previous plan. China's export controls on rare earth materials contrast with US restrictions on Nvidia's and AMD's AI chips and ASML's photolithography machines.

The plan also prioritizes development of humanoid AI robots with integrated "brain and cerebellum" systems and establishment of hundreds of vocational institutions for strategic industries. These measures reflect China's determination to decouple from Washington technologically as the rivalry intensifies. The strategy represents Beijing's comprehensive approach to achieving technological independence through 2030.