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The $400 Million Machine Behind the World's Rarest Lego Set

Wall Street Journal US Business •
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ASML, the Dutch company you've likely never heard of, manufactures the most critical machines in the global semiconductor industry. Their extreme ultraviolet lithography tools are the only devices capable of printing the most advanced chips found in smartphones, computers, and data centers. With only a few hundred in existence worldwide, these $400 million tools control the backbone of modern technology.

But ASML's reach extends beyond the tech industry into unexpected territory. One of the company's engineers built a plastic replica of the massive machine, transforming the industrial marvel into a Lego set. This 1:150 scale model has become one of the most sought-after collectibles in the world, with enthusiasts paying premium prices to own a piece of semiconductor history.

The real machines represent a geopolitical flashpoint. China cannot purchase these tools due to export restrictions, making ASML a strategic asset in the ongoing technology competition between the US and China. The company's near-monopoly on advanced chip manufacturing equipment has made it one of Europe's most valuable companies, with its technology serving as a gatekeeper for global semiconductor advancement.