Anne Keast-Butler, head of Britain's GCHQ electronic surveillance agency, warned that Russia is intensifying its hybrid warfare campaign across Europe as battlefield setbacks mount in Ukraine. The intelligence chief said Moscow is scaling up daily attacks targeting critical infrastructure and supply chains through cyber operations, sabotage, and disinformation campaigns designed to fracture NATO unity.

Keast-Butler pointed to recent incidents including explosive devices on Polish rail lines, aviation navigation jamming over Sweden, and hacking of a Norwegian dam as evidence of Russia's expanding threat. Lithuanian authorities recently arrested nine individuals accused of plotting murders and sabotage across Europe on behalf of Russia's military intelligence service. Despite these efforts, European nations continue strengthening defense cooperation and increasing military spending.

The warnings coincide with Britain's announcement of a new defense and security treaty with Poland, described as the largest advancement in bilateral security relations in a generation. Prime Minister Keir Starmer emphasized the agreement would address modern threats that are less visible but equally dangerous.

Keast-Butler also highlighted China's growing capabilities, noting its status as a science and technology superpower with sophisticated intelligence operations. The SVR's Salt Typhoon cyberattack targeted over 80 countries, while China-Russia cooperation has deepened since the Ukraine conflict began, creating a more complex threat environment for Western allies.