Donald Trump signed two executive orders Thursday targeting birthright citizenship and "birth tourism," weeks after the Supreme Court rejected his previous attempt to end the 150-year-old policy. The first order expands categories of non-citizens whose U.S.-born children are ineligible for automatic citizenship, including members of foreign terrorist groups, foreign government employees, those who obtained citizenship fraudulently, and residents of territories where citizenship isn't conferred by federal statute. The second order bans "birth tourism" — pregnant mothers entering the U.S. to give birth so their babies become citizens.

Trump claimed "hundreds of thousands" of babies are born through birth tourism annually, but the Migration Policy Institute estimates 22,000 to 26,000 per year, with government data showing 9,600 such births in 2024. Stephen Miller, homeland security advisor, argued the president has authority under the Immigration and Nationality Act to restrict entry for birth tourism purposes, saying children born this way later access welfare and voting rights.

The orders follow a Supreme Court ruling in June blocking Trump's 2025 executive order attempting to end birthright citizenship under the 14th Amendment. Legal experts like Gabriel Chin of UC Davis Law School say while restricting entry for birth tourism may be permissible, the president lacks authority to deny citizenship to children already born on U.S. soil, calling birth tourism a "drop in the bucket" compared to millions of annual U.S. births.