The recurring climate phenomenon is expected to peak later this year, but it is already causing dry spells and crop failures on three continents. In South America, severe drought has parched croplands in countries like Argentina and Uruguay, threatening harvests of soy and wheat.

Across Asia, India and Indonesia are experiencing below-average monsoon rains, leading to water shortages and reduced rice yields. In Africa, parts of Ethiopia and Somalia face a punishing dry spell that may deepen food insecurity.

Scientists say this El Niño could be among the strongest on record, with effects likely to intensify through the end of 2023 and into early 2024. The warming of Pacific waters disrupts weather patterns globally, and the current event is already having tangible consequences.

Governments and aid agencies are preparing for potential food price spikes and humanitarian needs, especially in vulnerable regions already stressed by conflict or economic challenges. The phenomenon underscores how climate variability can amplify existing risks.