Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni faces a critical test as Italians vote on a divisive judicial overhaul Sunday. The complex proposal aims to split oversight of judges and prosecutors into separate councils, a move supporters claim will combat corruption but critics warn risks politicizing the judiciary. Many voters remain confused, with polls showing a tight race between 'yes' and 'no' camps.

The reforms, rooted in longstanding political grievances, would create three new bodies: one for prosecutors, one for judges, and a third disciplinary council. Appointments would involve lottery selections from legal professionals, a departure from the current unified oversight system. Backers argue this would reduce conflicts of interest, while opponents fear it grants politicians undue influence over judicial appointments.

Prime Minister Meloni's coalition frames the changes as necessary to combat 'impunity' in cases involving organized crime and illegal immigration. However, the National Association of Magistrates opposes the plan, arguing lottery-based appointments could undermine judicial independence. Historical parallels to fascist-era power grabs linger, given Meloni's party's ideological roots.

Voter apathy and misinformation threaten the referendum's legitimacy. Many Italians struggle to grasp the technical details, with some dismissing it as a distraction from pressing issues like public transit and labor shortages. Political analysts suggest the outcome could weaken Meloni's authority if rejected, though she has vowed to remain in office regardless. The vote comes as Italy navigates broader European Union tensions over judicial autonomy and anti-corruption measures.