Idaho lawmakers approved legislation making it a crime punishable by up to one year in prison for transgender people to use bathrooms matching their gender identity rather than sex at birth. The bill, which passed 28-7 in the Senate and is expected to be signed by Republican Gov. Brad Little, extends current restrictions to private businesses and public accommodations statewide.

The law creates compliance challenges for Idaho businesses, particularly retailers, hotels, and restaurants that must now police restroom usage. Legal experts predict immediate lawsuits challenging the law's constitutionality, potentially costing taxpayers millions in defense. Similar laws in other states have faced court challenges that blocked enforcement while litigation proceeds.

Idaho's legislation represents the most restrictive bathroom bill nationwide, coming amid broader conservative social policy pushes in the state. Business groups worry the law could damage Idaho's reputation and tourism industry. Enforcement difficulties, including determining biological sex, have even some Republicans questioning the practicality of implementing such restrictions.