China's Reform Generation Faces Economic Uncertainty

The reform generation that thrived during China's economic boom now confronts harsh economic realities as middle-aged professionals face widespread age discrimination. Harry Guo, a former executive at Chinese internet giants, has remained unemployed for over two years despite actively seeking work. Supermarkets refuse to hire cashiers over 50, while warehouses turn away older applicants, reflecting systemic age bias that has become normalized in the labor market.

Age discrimination has created a "Curse of 35" phenomenon where workers become unemployable after crossing certain age thresholds. Chinese technology companies employ notably young workers, with average ages of 27 at ByteDance and 31 at Alibaba and Huawei. This preference for youth leaves experienced professionals like Mr. Ma, a 47-year-old former broadcaster who now receives just $280 monthly in unemployment benefits, with limited options despite decades of experience.

The economic downturn has exacerbated these challenges, with housing markets contracting sharply and private investment slowing. Benchi, a 39-year-old salesman, now earns half his previous salary while his apartment has lost at least 25% of its value. These cases illustrate how the once-promising path of upward mobility has been reversed for millions who believed hard work would guarantee a better future for themselves and their children.