Canada is seeking observer status in the UK, Italy, and Japan’s Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP), aiming to diversify defense ties away from the US. A Canadian official confirmed formal requests were sent to the UK, with letters to Japan and Italy pending, targeting a July decision. Observer access would provide confidential project insights while assessing future participation as a buyer or developer. The move aligns with Ottawa’s push to reduce reliance on US defense systems amid shifting geopolitical alliances.

GCAP, launched in 2022 by the three nations, aims to develop a sixth-generation fighter jet to replace aging F-35s and assert sovereign control over advanced aerial technology. The programme’s first delivery is slated for 2035, though delays in UK funding and Edgewing consortium contracts have raised concerns. A £686mn engineering deal with Edgewing, running through June, serves as a temporary fix until the UK’s 10-year defense spending plan materializes.

Japan and Italy have resisted expanding GCAP due to fears of delays, with Tokyo acknowledging the 2035 deadline is “in all likelihood” to be missed. However, sources suggest the core trio may need to onboard at least six additional partners to manage costs and technical challenges. Canada, which will receive 16 US-made F-35s but is reviewing the remaining 72 aircraft purchases, remains “uncommitted” to GCAP at this stage. Other potential participants include Australia, Poland, and Sweden.

The UK defense ministry stated it remains open to allies joining GCAP “while maintaining schedule integrity.” Japan’s defense ministry emphasized the programme’s focus on “allies and partners” but declined specific comments on Canada. This reflects broader efforts to reduce dependence on US military technology, particularly as US-China tensions reshape global security dynamics.