Starting Friday, immigration officers gain broader authority to deny permanent residency to applicants using public benefits. The policy targets programs like Medicaid, food stamps, and student financial aid, aiming to restrict legal immigration and deter welfare enrollment. A coalition of over 20 states and local governments has sued, arguing the rule forces families to choose between basic needs and future status.

The Department of Homeland Security estimates roughly 950,000 people may unenroll from assistance programs. Since 1882, the federal government has barred immigrants from green cards if deemed likely to become a "public charge." The Trump administration previously implemented a similar policy during the first term, later blocked by courts. The new rule expands the types of benefits considered, including means-tested programs like housing assistance and college aid.

Experts warn the lack of specificity creates uncertainty and fear in immigrant communities. Parents with U.S. citizen children may avoid benefits their children qualify for. Officials defend the change as protecting public resources and restoring the principle that immigrants must support themselves.