A significant shortage of donor organs is exacerbated by their short survival time outside the body, typically only hours even when chilled. Researchers are striving to create organ banks for longer-term preservation, allowing for testing and better recipient matching. Recent breakthroughs include supercooling pig kidneys to -4 °C and successfully reimplanting them, a significant improvement over ice storage.

While cryopreservation, cooling to -196 °C, is routine for cells like eggs and sperm, cryopreserving whole human organs for transplantation remains elusive. Despite challenges, such as ice crystal damage, research continues. For instance, the brain of Stephen L. Coles was cryopreserved and treated with cryoprotective chemicals, with some cell structures showing potential for recovery upon rewarming, though reanimation remains uncertain.

Other innovative approaches include machine perfusion systems that sustain organs with nutrients, extending their viability for up to 24 hours. These machines are being adapted for various organs, including eyeballs for potential whole-eye transplants, and even uteruses, as demonstrated by a system nicknamed “Mother” that kept a human uterus viable for a day. This field is experiencing rapid advancements, promising a future with more accessible and viable donor organs.