A global analysis of mortality linked to non-optimal temperatures between 2000 and 2019 found 5,083,173 deaths annually, representing 9.43% of all fatalities. Cold-related deaths accounted for the vast majority, 8.52%, while heat-related deaths made up 0.91%. The study utilized a three-stage modeling approach across 750 locations in 43 countries.

Asia bore the brunt of these excess deaths, with over 2.6 million fatalities, or 51.49% of the global total. Eastern Europe recorded the highest heat-related death rate, contrasted with Sub-Saharan Africa's highest cold-related rate. Globally, the cold-related death ratio decreased slightly, while the heat-related ratio saw a modest increase during the study period.

Despite a net reduction in the overall excess death ratio, the findings underscore a significant, geographically varied mortality burden. This data provides a critical baseline for public health officials to develop targeted preparedness and prevention strategies against weather-related mortality, particularly as climate change intensifies.