Germany’s population is likely to start shrinking earlier than anticipated due to lower immigration. Rural areas face service closures as populations dwindle. Leo van Wissen notes intensifying regional differences, with urban growth contrasting rural decline. Claudia Neu warns of aging societies straining healthcare. Without immigration, EU population would already shrink since 2012. Southern Europe, like Italy, struggles with low birth rates (1.3 per woman) and emigration. Italy’s plan to recruit 10,000 care workers from India highlights efforts to address labor gaps. Aging populations threaten economies, with experts linking insufficient immigration to economic risks. Albert Esteve raises democratic concerns about migrant voting rights. Demographic shifts risk reduced quality of life in rural areas.

The JRC categorizes member states by migration impact. Western/Northern Europe benefits from migration, while Eastern Europe faces triple threats: low birth rates, aging, and emigration. Migration gains are insufficient to offset losses. Germany’s decline underscores the urgency, as birth rates alone cannot sustain populations. Aging societies will burden younger generations with healthcare costs.

Efforts to boost birth rates include France’s letters to 29-year-olds and Hungary’s financial incentives. However, these may not offset demographic challenges. The lack of a unified EU labor migration policy complicates solutions. Right-leaning governments now pursue targeted recruitment, reflecting desperation to counter population decline.