Human evolution has accelerated dramatically over the past 10,000 years according to the largest ancient genome study ever conducted. Researchers from Harvard Medical School, led by David Reich and Ali Akbari, analyzed 15,836 ancient genomes from western Eurasia, identifying 479 gene variants shaped by natural selection.

The study found evolution particularly sped up during the Bronze Age, around 5,000 years ago, as humans adapted to agricultural lifestyles. Many selected genes related to immunity, including variants affecting susceptibility to tuberculosis and HIV resistance. Other changes influenced physical traits like skin tone and baldness prevalence.

When examining complex traits, the researchers observed that gene combinations linked to type 2 diabetes and mental illness risk decreased over time, while those associated with education and intelligence increased. Though some scientists question the methodology for complex traits, individual gene selection findings appear robust and represent a major advance in understanding recent human adaptation.