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300-Line Artificial Life Simulation Demonstrates Self-Replicating Programs

Hacker News •
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A developer has created a compact 300-line simulation demonstrating how self-replicating programs can emerge from simple interactions. The project recreates research showing how well-formed programs spontaneously evolve in a 240x135 grid of Brainfuck-like programs. Each program contains 64 instructions and undergoes random pairing and execution in each iteration.

During execution, neighboring programs concatenate their instruction tapes and run for up to $2^{13}$ steps before splitting back apart. The programs can loop and mutate their own instruction tapes, creating conditions where self-replication becomes possible. As described in the original research, these self-replicating programs often emerge spontaneously and spread across the grid by copying themselves onto neighboring tapes.

The simulation visualizes each instruction as a colored pixel, with black representing raw data storage. Every 8x8 pixel section represents one program. In typical runs, a self-replicator emerges early and dominates the grid until a more efficient variant evolves and takes over completely. This demonstrates how complex, self-sustaining behaviors can arise from extremely simple rules and interactions.