China's export restrictions on rare-earth metals and magnets remain a key unresolved issue as President Trump and Xi Jinping prepare to meet this week. Since April 2025, China has imposed controls on seven rare-earth types and magnets, with broader restrictions set for Nov. 10. Manufacturers in the U.S., Europe, Japan, and India report difficulties obtaining supplies essential for cars, wind turbines, semiconductors, and military equipment.

China dominates global production, giving it significant leverage. The White House says China has not fully followed through on previous discussions to issue more export licenses, with shipments frequently delayed or incomplete. The American Chamber of Commerce in China president Michael Hart said restrictions create doubts about China as a reliable long-term partner.

Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Guo Jiakun stated Beijing remains committed to stable supply chains. Current and former U.S. officials said both sides discussed postponing the Nov. 10 rules but could not agree on duration. The U.S. proposed a six-month to one-year delay as part of a broader trade freeze, which would push tensions past the U.S. midterm elections.

China's Communist Party congress next autumn adds another political dimension to the timeline.