Seasonal allergies affect about a quarter of U.S. adults, turning pollen into a biological enemy. The immune system's sensitization process can take years or just one severe pollen season to develop. When exposed, the body releases inflammatory chemicals that cause the familiar symptoms of watery eyes, sinus pain, and persistent congestion.

White blood cells called eosinophils arrive hours after exposure, releasing more inflammatory chemicals that keep tissues swollen and mucus flowing. This inflammatory cascade explains why allergy symptoms linger and can leave sufferers feeling tired and foggy. Some researchers believe this inflammation may even affect mood, memory, and cognition.

Treatment options include antihistamines that block histamine responses and steroid nasal sprays that reduce swelling and congestion. Saline rinses help by flushing out pollen and irritants. While spring, summer, and fall each bring different pollen types, various treatments can help manage symptoms and prevent the immune system from spiraling out of control.