Joseph Kabila, who ruled the Democratic Republic of Congo for 18 years, now faces execution after being convicted of treason by the current government. The former president, living under rebel protection in Goma, denies charges that he covertly leads the M23 militia group that controls eastern Congo. His conviction came after a spectacular falling-out with successor Félix Tshisekedi.

Kabila's return to Congo last year coincided with M23's takeover of Goma, a city he once governed from afar. The 54-year-old former leader now lives in hiding, protected by the very rebels his government once fought. Congo's communications minister accuses him of being "in the pay" of Rwanda, allegations Kabila dismisses as "stupidity" while pursuing a Ph.D. and studying "strategic issues."

Investigators have uncovered the kleptocratic system Kabila and his inner circle used to enrich themselves in one of the world's poorest nations. He denies embezzlement reports while portraying himself as a humble farmer. Kabila hinted at manipulating Congo's 2018 election, calling the backroom deal that installed Tshisekedi a necessary compromise for stability. The relationship between the two leaders soured quickly, with Kabila now living as a hunted man in territory his government once controlled.