Conflict in the Persian Gulf could disrupt global food production by limiting access to fertilizers. The region supplies a significant portion of the world's fertilizer, which is essential for agricultural yields. With the war already affecting supply chains, farmers worldwide face potential shortages that could drive up food prices and threaten food security.

India, one of the largest fertilizer importers, purchases about 40 percent of its urea and phosphate-based fertilizers from Middle Eastern suppliers. This heavy dependence makes Indian agriculture particularly vulnerable to supply disruptions. The timing is especially concerning as farmers prepare for planting seasons that require substantial fertilizer applications to ensure adequate crop yields.

Beyond India, the ripple effects could impact agricultural production across Africa, Asia, and Latin America, where fertilizer costs already strain farming operations. The conflict adds another layer of uncertainty to global food markets already dealing with climate change impacts and post-pandemic supply chain challenges. Food price volatility could particularly harm developing nations where populations spend a larger share of income on basic staples.