Sanctions have created a dangerous class of maritime vessels known as 'ghost tankers' that operate without proper identification. These ships transport oil while evading international oversight, putting crews at risk in conflict zones. The informal fleet represents a shadow trade worth billions, exploiting gaps in global maritime regulation.

The work on these vessels mirrors legitimate shipping until danger strikes. Sailors report being caught in crossfire while delivering sanctioned cargo, creating a perilous work environment. Insurance coverage remains limited, leaving crews vulnerable in high-risk regions.

This shadow fleet enables sanctioned regimes to bypass international restrictions, undermining Western sanctions regimes. The growing network of ghost tankers poses challenges for enforcement agencies trying to monitor illicit trade. As geopolitical tensions escalate, the human cost of evading sanctions continues rising.