China has imposed sweeping export controls on jet fuel, diesel, and fertilisers, triggering supply fears across Asia. The National Development and Reform Commission has ordered state-backed refiners to halt overseas shipments of key fuels and told fertiliser exporters to stop sending products to certain markets, according to industry insiders and analysts.

China, the world's second-largest fertiliser exporter and sixth-largest jet fuel exporter, is trying to preserve domestic energy and food reserves amid Middle East conflict. The controls affect major trading partners including Australia, Vietnam, and India. Vietnam imports nearly 70% of its jet fuel needs, with about 60% coming from Thailand and China, while Australia relies on China for about one-third of its jet fuel supply.

Supply disruptions are already emerging. Vietnamese airlines face 70% higher operating costs due to fuel price increases, and suppliers warn of April disruptions. Australia confronts potential diesel shortages that could disrupt food distribution nationwide. The controls follow China's previous use of export restrictions in trade disputes, though this time the NDRC acted without public announcement, suggesting urgency. Analysts say the lack of transparency reflects how quickly Beijing moved to secure domestic supplies as the Strait of Hormuz closure cuts off key fertiliser inputs like sulphur.