Lesotho is pushing to renegotiate its decades-old water-sharing agreement with South Africa, a deal that generates about 10% of Lesotho's economy. The landlocked nation, entirely surrounded by South Africa, plans to begin talks in April, according to Natural Resources Minister Mohlomi Moleko. The current treaty governs water flows from Lesotho's highlands to Johannesburg and other South African cities.

Much of Johannesburg's water supply depends on Lesotho's highland dams, where aging infrastructure and climate pressures are straining the system. A major new dam project could reshape future water availability for both nations. The treaty has been in place for decades, but Lesotho now seeks higher royalties and better compensation terms.

South Africa's Department of Water and Sanitation did not immediately respond to requests for comment on the planned negotiations. The talks come as water security becomes increasingly critical across southern Africa, with climate change intensifying drought risks and infrastructure challenges. Lesotho's push for better terms reflects growing pressure to maximize economic benefits from its vital water resources.