Monolithic architectures struggle to keep pace with modern demands, where a single failure can bring down an entire application. Tech giants like Netflix and Amazon moved toward Microservices to split backends into independent, scalable components. This shift allows large teams to work in parallel without blocking each other, though it introduces new challenges in managing distributed systems.

Even with separate backend services, frontends still face complexity by calling multiple endpoints directly. A Backend for Frontend (BFF) solves this by creating a dedicated layer that aggregates data for specific client needs. This pattern simplifies mobile and web interfaces, delivering custom responses while shielding them from the underlying service mesh.

To parallel backend decomposition, Micro Frontends apply the same logic to the user interface. A main shell application hosts independent modules owned by different teams, much like a shopping mall containing various stores. This architecture supports diverse tech stacks and independent deployments, ensuring a single UI change doesn't require a full application rebuild.