For new programmers, Git is the version control system you'll encounter everywhere. It tracks file changes, records who made them, and lets teams collaborate without overwriting work. Unlike GitHub, Git runs locally, making it essential even without internet access.

A repository is a project folder Git monitors. You start by initializing it, then move files through a three-stage flow: the working directory, the staging area, and finally committing a snapshot. Key commands include `git add` and `git commit` to save your progress.

Daily workflow is straightforward: pull the latest code, make changes, check status, stage, commit, and push. Common pitfalls include forgetting to commit or pulling before pushing. Mastering a few core commands unlocks Git's power for recovering mistakes and collaborating professionally.