Cybersecurity experts warn that anti-fraud tools are struggling to keep pace with scammers who are exploiting cheap internet calling and artificial intelligence. While authentication frameworks, call blocking, and enforcement measures help, they are most effective when combined with consumer vigilance.

Josh Bercu of USTelecom highlighted how the ease of internet calling, which benefits legitimate users, also empowers scammers globally. He noted the shift from trusted physical networks to internet platforms, where identity can be easily faked. The STIR/SHAKEN protocol, intended for call authentication, is considered oversold and not a complete solution, as bad actors can obtain legitimate numbers and bypass it.

Experts are pushing for a "right-to-use" system with cryptographic tokens to verify callers. The challenge extends to text messaging, where visibility into spam is fragmented. Carriers can analyze call patterns but not the content of calls, necessitating "know your customer" vetting. Consumers are urged to report spam and pause before acting on suspicious communications, as losses to scams are rising by roughly 25% annually. Panelists also cautioned against holding carriers solely liable for phishing losses, fearing it could lead to excessive call blocking.