Scientists have discovered the oldest known use of poison on arrowheads dating back 60,000 years in South Africa's Sibudu Cave. This groundbreaking archaeological find reveals that early humans in the Middle Stone Age were using complex plant-based toxins for hunting. The research team identified residue from poison bush plants on ancient bone arrowheads, demonstrating sophisticated knowledge of toxicology far earlier than previously documented.

This discovery fundamentally changes our understanding of early human cognitive capabilities and technological complexity. It shows these hunter-gatherers possessed advanced botanical knowledge and strategic hunting methods. The findings provide crucial insights into the evolution of human innovation and survival strategies.

This research helps archaeologists better understand the sophisticated cognitive and cultural development of Homo sapiens during a critical period of human evolution, revealing the advanced nature of prehistoric hunting technology and knowledge systems.