Cuba's fragile power grid collapsed under a US oil blockade, causing a 30-hour blackout across the island. The nation's energy system, dependent on 100,000 barrels of oil daily for aging Soviet-era power plants, struggled to maintain operation. As Trump administration pressure continued, Beijing emerged as a strategic energy partner offering alternatives to fossil fuel dependency.

China dramatically expanded its renewable energy presence in Cuba, with solar equipment exports surging from $5 million in 2023 to $117 million in 2025—a 2,240% increase. Beijing pledged assistance building nearly 100 solar parks by 2028, with over half operational, and is backing Cuba's largest wind farm, La Herradura 1, aiming to boost renewable energy beyond the current 9% contribution.

Despite China's substantial investment, Cuba faces a $8-10 billion funding gap over the next decade to complete its energy transition. While Beijing won't cover all costs, Cuba provides strategic value as a close US neighbor. The partnership reflects China's strategy using energy cooperation as geopolitical leverage while supporting Cuba against US pressure.