A 5,500-year-old Sumerian star map may provide evidence of an ancient asteroid impact. Discovered in the late 1800s, the cuneiform tablet, known as the Planisphere, details celestial events from 3300 BC. Researchers believe it's the oldest astronomical instrument. Its discovery challenges understanding of ancient astronomy, revealing Sumerians' advanced knowledge.

The tablet's re-translation suggests it records the Köfels impact, which struck Austria around 3100 BC. Detailed observations of planet positions and an object's trajectory were recorded. The analysis indicates the asteroid was over a kilometer in diameter. This trajectory explains why a classic impact crater isn't present, but a massive landslide occurred.

Using modern computer simulations, researchers reconstructed the night sky, confirming the tablet's accuracy. The asteroid's low-angle impact caused an explosion. The resulting plume could have caused widespread fires. The findings demonstrate the sophistication of ancient astronomical practices.

This discovery opens new avenues for understanding ancient cultures and their scientific capabilities. Further research will likely focus on other ancient texts and artifacts. It also emphasizes the importance of studying historical records to gain insights into past events, including those with global impact.